10 Common Reasons That May Lead Women and Men to Consider IVF (In Vitro Fertilization)
Trying to have a baby can sometimes take longer than expected. This doesn’t always mean there is a “serious problem”; however, in some situations, getting evaluated earlier can save time.
1) Age and decreased ovarian reserve
As women age, both the number of eggs and egg quality can decline. This can lower the chances of pregnancy and increase the risk of miscarriage. For some couples, IVF may be considered as an option that reduces loss of time; the best approach is determined by considering age together with hormone tests and ultrasound findings.
2) Blockage or damage in the tubes (tubal factor)
If the fallopian tubes are blocked or their structure is damaged, sperm and egg may be unable to meet naturally. Past infections, surgeries, or conditions such as endometriosis can affect the tubes. After the condition of the tubes is assessed with imaging methods, IVF may come onto the agenda.
3) Endometriosis
Endometriosis is a condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus is found outside the uterus; it can involve painful periods and is sometimes associated with infertility. It can reduce the chance of pregnancy by affecting the ovaries, tubes, and pelvic structures. The treatment plan is individualized; in some cases, IVF may be a more effective option.
4) Issues with sperm count, movement, or shape in men
A low sperm count (oligozoospermia), reduced movement (asthenozoospermia), or a high rate of abnormal shapes (teratozoospermia) can make pregnancy through natural means more difficult. An initial evaluation is done with a simple semen analysis. In some cases, IVF and, when needed, intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) are considered.
5) Irregular ovulation (e.g., PCOS)
Irregular ovulation is one of the common reasons that can make it harder to get pregnant. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an example; not everyone with PCOS needs IVF. However, if pregnancy does not occur despite ovulation tracking and medication treatments, your doctor may include IVF among the options.
6) Unexplained infertility
Sometimes basic tests appear normal, yet pregnancy still does not occur. This is called “unexplained infertility.” It does not mean “nothing is wrong”; it simply means that no clear cause can be identified with the tests currently available. IVF may be evaluated depending on age, how long you’ve been trying, and prior treatments.
7) No pregnancy despite a long period of unprotected intercourse
In general, evaluation is recommended if pregnancy has not occurred after 12 months of regular unprotected intercourse (or 6 months for women aged 35 and older). During this process, both female and male factors should be considered together. After the necessary evaluations, IVF may be planned earlier for suitable couples.
8) Findings suggesting low ovarian reserve or issues related to egg quality
Hormone tests such as AMH and FSH, along with an antral follicle count (via ultrasound), can provide an idea about ovarian reserve. Low reserve does not always mean pregnancy is impossible; however, it may indicate that time could be important. In this case, your doctor may bring IVF up earlier rather than waiting.
9) Intrauterine or structural issues (fibroids, polyps, uterine shape abnormalities)
Polyps inside the uterus, certain fibroids, or uterine shape abnormalities can make it harder for an embryo to implant or may increase the risk of miscarriage. In most cases, the diagnosis is clarified first and treatment is planned if needed. Then, IVF may be considered to improve the chances of pregnancy.
10) Genetic carrier status or recurrent pregnancy loss
For some couples, a more comprehensive evaluation may be needed due to genetic carrier status, family history, or recurrent miscarriages. In appropriate cases, the IVF process may be accompanied by methods that include genetic evaluation of embryos. This topic should definitely be handled with an individualized approach planned jointly by obstetrics/gynecology, urology, and genetics specialists.
When should you see a doctor?
Although IVF can be an effective option for many couples, it is not always the first step. The best path is evaluating both the woman and the man together, clarifying the situation with simple tests, and jointly creating a treatment plan that fits you.
If any of the situations above apply to you/your partner, or if pregnancy has not occurred for a certain period of time, plan an evaluation appointment by speaking with an obstetrics/gynecology specialist and, when necessary, a urology (andrology) specialist. Early and appropriate evaluation reduces unnecessary anxiety and clarifies your options.
